Man is a very gregarious animal. But no State acts by itself. Numerous social, political organisations also play crucial part and this has been necessitated by the growing complex character of society. Whereas German scholars have gone to the extent of adopting analytical methods in order to give this subject the character of a science, Holtzendorff has defended the claim of this subject to be ranked as a science. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Some conclude that political science is purely an academic concept and a discipline while politics when used un-academically cannot be treated as a discipline. To understand why, Carey King explores the scientific and rhetorical basis of the competing narratives both within and between energy technology and economics. Nor can one remain oblivious of political Orientations of the members of society-how citizens the political system itself, how they react to it emotionally, how they evaluate it morally. For the sake of relevance we quote him again, Political science grew not by virtue of an intellectual principle germane to the field, but in response to pressures from the outside. We must also collect, authenticate and investigate. They agree to the opinion of Holtzendorff. [PDF Notes] Differences between Sociology and Political Science? In recent years it has been found that political scientist and researchers are increasingly resorting to concepts because they are more inclined to using it for analysis of the subject. Recently, the emphasis has been placed on the study of what is called political behavior. Harold Lasswell has defined political science in the following words. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In the end we can conclude that Political Science is, no doubt, a science. Professor Gilchrist very correctly regards this method as the chief method of studying political phenomena. Man is dynamic and so are his institutions. political thinkers regarding the nature of political science , whether it should be treated as a science or not. Like other methods, this method is also not free from limitations. Clearly, then everything that Aristotle and Weber would call political, Laswell would too. This is what Sabine, Dunning and Mcllwain have done.. Needless to say that power remains at the very centre of all these activities. Different Methods or Approaches of Political Science: It becomes quite clear from the above discussion that Political Science is a science; it possesses the scientific character; and it is capable of conducting the scientific study of the State and the government. An atom of carbon or a molecule of carbolic acid is not different from any other atom or molecule: but the units of the social organism may differ infinitely from one another. Consequently, no aspect of human life is free from state intervention. So lets start. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These modern political scientists seek to develop a kind of empirically oriented and value-free Political Science and bring it on par with natural sciences. It had become a welfare State. As such, it is applied in history. #22 in U.S. Concept is a very important part of todays political analysis because with the help of concept we analyse different general principles of political science. As Aristotle said, the State comes into existence, originating in the bare needs of the life of man and continuing in existence for the sake of good life. Whether a man is a political animal or not, it remains an unchangeable fact that man cannot be what he desires to be without the State. According to traditional political scientists, it deals with the state, Government, and other political institutions. In every state there are organisations whose functions is to resolve any conflict. influence is a relation among actors in which one actor induces other actors to act in some way they would not otherwise act. Nature and Scope of Political Science: Conceptual Analysis e 1 Notes Unit I: Nature and Scope of Political Science: Conceptual Ancient Greece was divided in small city-states. Would it be to check out how to access some of the Nature And Scope Of Political Science ebook and other top-quality books and courses? It is a down-to-earth phenomenon connected with the affairs and activities of groups, institutions and various agents. According to the modern political scientists like George Catlin, Charles Marriam, Almond, Powell, David Easton, political science not only deals with state and government. In his book Political Science and Government, Dr. Garner writes, Buckle, however, did not deny the possibility of a political science, what he lamented was that so little attention had been given to the study of the State that as a systematic branch of knowledge it was too crude and undeveloped to be considered a science., Of the same opinion is J.S. Politics is one of the unavoidable facts of human existence. Rights are the most important aspects of any individual. These differences help establish separate identity. If you feel lost, reach out to an admission officer. Perhaps one important factor in this change was the war time experience of many political scientists as government employees working on in the midst of manifold complicated problems. It improves our life standard. All mankind has been drawn into some political association through which men engage in operation and conflict. (7) The Statistical of the Quantitative Method: This is one of the most modern and most useful methods for dealing with the political phenomena. We must also try to gather how far the states existing structure and its institutions respond to the needs of man and determine his well-being. According to Gettell and Bluntschli, Political Science bears the character of art also. Its chief concern is to meet the demands of public affairs. New experiments like Compulsory Deposit Scheme, Economic Planning and Family Planning were also being tried some time ago. This happens both in developed and developing political systems. The subject that deals with the man about the State and its government are called Political Science. He based his political ideology on the theory of economic interpretation of history.. This does not of course mean that illegitimate use of power and violence is totally banished from the arena of politics. Here we shall quote the pertinent observation of Wasby. It is true that experts of Political Science differ on their methods, principles and conclusion yet sometimes they agree too. On experience it has been found that the study and the recommendations are spread over all the branches of social science. The origin of every political institution can be traced in the pages of history. (2) The Historical Method and Its Analysis of the Past Political Institutions: The second important method of studying political phenomena is historical. When an authority allocates values for society it practically becomes authoritative and the decision of the authority is binding on all. It fails to realise that the laws of growth and change which govern the one are incapable of applicability to the growth and development of the other. The scope of political science now widened to include the organizational structure, the process, decision making and action, the politics of control, the policies and actions, electoral process, patterns of political interaction etc. But the opponents of this view forcefully argue that physics and chemistry are science no doubt but they are not only sciences, there are others types of science. Similarly, other political experiments tried by the government could not prove a success. Besides public affairs there are number of affairs which may be called private and these are activities of various social, political and cultural groups, business organisations, clubs, pressure groups etc. It is always absolutely true that if anything is thrown high, it will fall on ground. Thirdly, it is generally argued that the scientific methods of observation and experimentation are not possibly applicable to Political Science. Political theory also includes politics which has been explained in our earlier analysis. Despite this, there are many causes responsible for the political happenings. In other words, we study in Political Science the origin and the development of the State and many other political institutions and associations. Political Science investigates the phenomena of the government as political economy deals with wealth, biology with life, algebra with numbers, and geometry with space and magnitude, Political Science is that part of the social science which treats of the foundations of the sate and principles of the government. Similarly, Karl Marx was so greatly impressed by the economic factor that he judged everything in terms of money. This type of chemical formation takes place everywhere at every time and in every place and circumstance. In the same way various political parties in India fundamentally differ in their approach to the political and economic problems of India. It claims to be called a science as it possesses the possibility of adopting the scientific methods of observation and experimentation. Plato, Rousseau, Kant, Bosanquet, J.S. The nature of political science is that it is a social science. Jawaharlal Nehru refused to divide the State into two separate states, riots broke out in Maharashtra and Dr. Deshmukh, the then Finance Minister of India from that State tendered his resignation as a protest. Third is preparation of proposition. We cannot try how the substance is affected by change in temperature, by dissolution in liquids, by combination with other chemical agents and the like. Political science is primarily an empirical science and in that sense it comes to be associated with sharing and application of power and this power is applied by the government. Seeley has rightly observed that we must think, reason, generalise, define and distinguish. Now we shall see why politics is regarded as the management of public affairs. Not only this, even with the same country the politics of one party differs from that of the other. In fact, there is no place of value judgment or normative evaluation. In all forms of state and society (primitive, tribal, modern, developed, developing and underdeveloped) there always exists politics. Both the blocs (Russian and American) believe in the policy of expansionism and enhancement of military power. Like other methods, the Philosophical Method also suffers from certain limitations. Obviously, it is a quest for a just and happy life for men assembled in a territoriality integrated society. It makes people more conscious about their rights and duties. The tendency of behavioral statesmen is particularly observed. In the absence of agreement the functioning of society or the existence of social life would have been an impossibility. It means that the principles of Political Science are universal and are the same everywhere as politics of one country is different from that of another. Almond (Politics of the Developing Areas: Introduction) says: The difficulty with this definition is that authoritativeness as defined by Easton does not differentiate political system from church or business firms and the like. Raj Patel, Research Professor, University of Texas at Austin Politics was practised among small number of men and in the process of final decisions only few and experts participated. So what we call political science today is nothing but the result of painstaking research performed by numerous scholars at different corners of the globe. Political Science studies the Government, its form, structure and its functions. Political Theory and Political Philosophy: Political Science is Dependent on Society: Comparative Study of Different Disciplines: This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It is mainly because political science deals with social issues and problems which are volatile. It is no secret that in any society there are persons and groups who hold different opinions on the same issues and in a democratic society none can impose his own views/decision upon other. Some basic questions about the nature and purpose of the state take place in the discussion of Political Philosophy. The competing energy narratives pit fossil fuels against renewable technologies such as wind and solar. Thus organized, the society is called the State, rules that determine social conduct are the laws of the State and the individuals who enforce the laws and see that all equally observe them constitute its government.
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